Most people do not expect their dog to come into contact with opioids, but accidental exposure happens. Dogs may be exposed through discarded substances in public spaces, prescription medications, or other accidental sources.  

When opioid exposure occurs, knowing what to do before an emergency happens can help you respond calmly and quickly.  

Recognizing the Warning Signs

Dogs exposed to opioids may begin showing signs within about 15 minutes, although this can vary depending on the type and amount of opioid involved. 

Common signs include:  

• Drowsiness 
• Difficulty standing 
• A blank stare 
• Weakness or unconsciousness  
• Trouble breathing 
• Failure to respond to commands 

These signs are not unique to opioid exposure. They can also occur with poisoning, heatstroke, seizures, or other serious medical conditions, so it is important to have your dog examined by a veterinarian right away.   

If you are unsure whether your dog’s symptoms are caused by opioid exposure, don’t wait to see if they improve. Contact an emergency veterinarian right away. Early assessment can help your dog receive the care they need as quickly as possible. 

If you suspect opioid exposure, these three steps can help you respond while getting your dog to a veterinarian.  

Step 1: Give Naloxone

Naloxone is a medication that can temporarily reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. It is available as a nasal spray, and it helps you buy valuable time while you seek veterinary care.   

This medication is available without a prescription at many pharmacies across Canada. 

To administer naloxone: 

• Hold your dog’s snout closed with one hand. 
• Place the tip of the naloxone device inside one nostril 
• Press the device to deliver the dose 

Step 2: Protect Yourself and Call for Help

After giving naloxone, continue to keep yourself safe while caring for your dog.  

• If it is safe to do so, place a basket muzzle on your dog after giving naloxone. A dog recovering from an overdose may wake up disoriented, frightened, or reactive, increasing the risk of an accidental bite. Remove the muzzle immediately if your dog begins to vomit 

• Contact an emergency veterinarian immediately 

If possible, calling ahead lets the veterinary team know you are on your way so they can prepare for your arrival.  

Step 3: Go to The Veterinarian

Even if your dog seems to improve after receiving naloxone, they still need immediate veterinary care.  

As you travel to the clinic, remember to keep a second dose of naloxone available, if possible, as the medication is short-acting and repeat doses may be needed. 

If the dog is not breathing: 

•  If trained and equipped: begin rescue breathing using a fitted mask and bag-valve device  
• If not trained: do not attempt rescue breathing. Give naloxone if available, call an emergency veterinarian, and seek urgent veterinary care immediately 

Safety Reminders  

Naloxone may not reverse every suspected overdose, and opioid exposure can be difficult to distinguish from other types of drug exposure. Veterinary follow-up is essential in every suspected case.  

Remember to: 

• Avoid touching any unknown substance directly  
• Wear a mask and gloves if available 
• Remove the basket muzzle if the dogs begin to vomit 

Being Prepared Makes a Difference

Being prepared before an emergency happens can help you respond with confidence. Knowing the signs of opioid exposure, understanding how naloxone works, and seeking veterinary care can make a meaningful difference for your dog. 

At Toronto Humane Society, we believe that sharing knowledge is one of the most important ways we can help keep pets and their families safe. That’s why we’ve created a printable brochure about opioid exposure in pets, designed to help pet parents recognize the signs, understand what to do in an emergency, and seek care quickly.

We invite you to download, print, and share this resource within your community. By helping spread awareness, you can play a role in ensuring more pets receive the urgent care they need when every moment matters.